Novartis has announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Xolair® (omalizumab) for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), an unpredictable and debilitating skin disease that is known as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) outside of the US.
In the US, Xolair is indicated for CIU in adults and adolescents (12 years of age and above) who remain symptomatic despite H1-antihistamine treatment.[5] Until now, H1-antihistamines have been the only approved therapy for CIU in the US.
CIU/CSU is a severe and distressing skin condition characterised by red, swollen, itchy and sometimes painful hives on the skin that spontaneously present and re-occur for more than six weeks.[2,3,6] Up to 40% of CIU/CSU patients also experience angioedema, a swelling in the deep layers of the skin.[1]
“This approval from the FDA is great news for patients in the US suffering from CIU, a skin disease known as CSU in other parts of the world,” said David Epstein, Division Head of Novartis Pharmaceuticals. “Up to 50% of patients do not respond to approved doses of H1-antihistamines, which up until now have been the only licensed treatment for CIU in the US.”
At any given time, the prevalence of chronic urticaria (CU) is up to 1% of the world’s population[4], and up to two thirds of these patients have CIU/CSU.[4,7] In the US, it is estimated that approximately 1.5 million people suffer from CIU.[4,8] Women are twice as likely than men to have the condition and most people develop symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40.[4,8]
The US FDA approval is primarily based on positive and consistent results from two landmark phase III studies, ASTERIA I and II, which involved CIU/CSU patients not responding to approved doses of H1-antihistamines.[6,9,10] Xolair 300 mg and 150 mg met all primary endpoints across these studies, which also showed Xolair significantly improved itch and hives, including rapid itch relief, and in many cases completely cleared symptoms.[6,9,10] Quality of life was also significantly improved for patients treated with Xolair 300mg[6,9,10]. Negative effects of CIU / CSU on quality of life may include sleep deprivation and psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety.[4]
Results from three pivotal phase III studies for Xolair in CIU / CSU were announced in 2013. Highlights from these studies that were previously reported include:
In all three phase III studies, a significant proportion of patients became either completely free of itch and hives (range 34-44%; p<0.001 to p<0.0001 at 300 mg) or had their symptoms suppressed to minimal levels (52-66%; p<0.0001 at 300mg).[6,9,10]
In the ASTERIA II study, 44% of patients receiving Xolair 300 mg were itch-and hive-free after 12 weeks of treatment (p<0.0001).[6]
In the ASTERIA I study, Xolair-treated patients experienced a rapid reduction in itch and hives as early as Week 1, with the therapeutic benefit sustained over 24 weeks of active treatment (p<0.0001).[9]
In the GLACIAL study, more than half of patients had failed multiple therapies including H1-antihistamines (at up to four times the approved dose) and H2-antihistamines and/or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs).[10] Patient response in GLACIAL was similar to that seen in ASTERIA I and II, leading to elimination or suppression of symptoms to minimal levels within 2 weeks of the start of treatment, and sustained throughout the 24 week treatment period.[6,9,10]
In the pivotal phase III studies, the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) was similar between Xolair and placebo recipients.[6[9,10]
Xolair was recently approved by European Commission (EC) as add-on therapy for CSU in adult and adolescent patients 12 years and above with inadequate response to H1-antihistamines. Xolair has also been approved for the treatment of refractory CSU in eight other countries: Egypt, Turkey, Guatemala, El Salvador, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Ecuador and the Philippines. Regulatory reviews are currently ongoing in more than 20 countries, including Canada, Australia and Switzerland.
Xolair is being jointly developed by Novartis and Genentech, Inc.
About Xolair®
Xolair is a targeted therapy that binds to immunoglobulin E (IgE). Xolair suppresses histamine-induced skin reactions, probably through its reduction of IgE and downstream effects on cellular activation mechanisms.[11] Research is ongoing to understand the mechanism of action of Xolair in CIU / CSU, which could lead to a deeper understanding of how the disease develops.[1]
In addition to the US approval of Xolair for CIU, Xolair is approved for the treatment of CSU in the European Union and in eight other countries. Xolair is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma in more than 90 countries, including the US since 2003 and the EU since 2005 and has over 400,000 patient years of exposure.
In the EU, it is also approved for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children (aged six and above), adolescents and adults. In addition, a liquid formulation of Xolair in pre-filled syringes has been approved in the EU and launched in most European countries. In the US, Xolair for subcutaneous use in appropriate allergic asthma patients is co-promoted by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Genentech, Inc.
References
- Sánchez-Borges M, Asero R, Ansotegui IJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of urticaria and angioedema: a worldwide perspective (position paper). World Allergy Organization Journal. 2012; 5:125-147.
- Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) website. “Chronic Urticaria (Hives).”http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=23&cont=328. Accessed February 2014.
- American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) website. “Skin Allergy Overview.” http://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy.aspx. Accessed February 2014.
- Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA2LEN task force report. Allergy. 2011;66:317-330.
- Xolair US Prescribing Information. Revised March 2014.
- Maurer M, Rosén K, Hsieh HJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. NEJM. 2013;368(10):924-35
- Kulthanan K, Jiamton S, Thumpimukvatana N, et al. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: prevalence and clinical course. J Dermatol. 2007;34:294-301.
- Census Bureau Projects U.S. Population of 317.3 Million on New Year’s Day. United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 2014. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb13-tps112.html.
- Maurer M. Phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of omalizumab in H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria. European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) annual meeting 2013. Oral Presentation. 5 October 2013, 11:30 a.m.
- Kaplan A, Ledford D, Ashby M, et al. Omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria despite standard combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(1):101-9.
- European Medicines Evaluation Agency. Omalizumab (XOLAIR). EPAR. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/000606/WC500057293.pdf . Accessed March 2014.
